The polar designs of the microphone indicate how sensitive it's to sounds originating from different angles about its central axis. Some microphones are directional and just get from the particular direction whereas others will get all around.
You will find basically five primary polar reactions or pick-up designs, they are:
Cardioid Designs Having a Cardioid pattern (the title from the heart form of the pattern) the huge most of the seem is acquired in the front from the microphone having a reasonable amount in the sides. Hardly any, however, is acquired from behind.
Consequently, you are able to point this microphone in the seem you need to get. This really is most likely probably the most generally used pattern you will find because it is very versatile and may be used in practically every situation.
Hyper-Cardioid Designs Hyper-Cardioid microphones have the identical pattern to cardioid however the response in the sides (known to as off-axis) is less. This causes it to be more directional compared to Cardioid. Hyper Cardioid microphones are utilized when isolation between seem sources is essential.
They're less responsive to off-axis sounds and won't get near-by sources as quickly. Another common me is when used live and there's a feedback problem. Hyper-Cardioid microphones are not as likely to get seem spill from loudspeakers because of their more directional character and therefore prevent feedback occurring.
Shotgun Designs - Shotgun microphones possess a tight pickup pattern and therefore are highly directional. They've small lobes of sensitivity left, right, and rear but they are considerably more responsive to the leading. This is a result of placing the element in the tube with slots cut across the side wave-cancellation removes the majority of the off-axis noise.
They are utilised mainly to get sounds from the distance, for instance, it of wildlife. Shotgun microphones will also be generally utilized on TV and film sets. Uses have been in broadcast/film recording work are in which the microphone could be held or suspended 'off-camera' as well as in the theatre for obtaining stars on stage without needing to individually microphone all of them.
Because of the sensitivity of those microphones, they all are condensers and, as a result, need a phantom energy supply.
Omni-directional Designs Omni-directional microphones get seem every which way equally as possible seen in the polar response. They have a tendency to create probably the most natural seem of all of the pickup designs, taking the seem source plus the rest of the acoustic reverberations and nuances.
Omni directional microphones will also be not prone to the Closeness Effect much like Cardioids. As a result, they are utilised mainly for recording work. Omni's aren't used for live work, because they would get undesirable sounds like the audience and seem from loudspeakers, creating one terrible feedback problem.
Figure 8 Designs - Figure-of-8 microphones again often find their use for recording work, obtaining seem in the front and back from the microphone although not in the sides. They're frequently used when creating stereo system tracks.